Summary
It has been credibly hypothesized – but not proven – that quantum computers will have a transformative impact on a variety of scientific and technical disciplines.
Two separate factors make the ultimate impact of quantum computing unclear.
- First, although a number of algorithms and applications for quantum computers have been suggested, in most cases a rigorous comparison to the best classical alternatives for real-world usage has not been completed.
- Second, it is unclear when or if a “utility-scale” quantum computer – one whose computational value exceeds its costs – can be built, particularly for applications that require fault-tolerance.
The complexity of a fault-tolerant utility-scale quantum computer could approach or exceed that of a classical supercomputer.
A verification and validation effort that demonstrates a utility-scale design is viable, all necessary components and sub-systems for the computer can be produced at the required specifications, and all components and sub-systems can be successfully integrated would likely be a difficult, multi-year process.
The primary goal of the US2QC program is to determine if an underexplored approach to quantum computing is capable of achieving utility-scale operation much faster than conventional predictions.
US2QC will accomplish this goal through rigorous, collaborative, flexible verification and validation performed in parallel with on-going research and development efforts.